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Total And Partial Participation

Total Participation

Total Participation indicates that every entity in this set participates in the relationship set. It is indicated with a double line

Partial Participation

Partial Participation is observed when some entities don't necessarily participate in any relationship in the relationship set. These can be represented with just a single line

Example

Each soldier serves in an army, and each army must have soldiers in it. Additionally, the soldier-army relation is many-to-one

soldiersoldier_IDnameequipped_weaponarmyarmy_IDserves_in